Zoetrope
A zoetrope is one of the several pre-film animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or maybe even photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. This device was one of the historian of chinese technology called a variety of zoetrope. This type of device was invented around the time of 100BC. The name zoetrope came from the Greek words. Zoe means 'life' and trope means 'turning'

This picture here is an image of a zoetrope.











Thaumatrope
A thaumatrope was a toy that was used in the 19th century. What a thaumatrope is a disk with a picture on each side which is attached to two pieces of string. When the strings are twirling quickly between the fingers the two pictures appear to blend into one of the due to the persistence of vision.

The thaumatrope was one of the one of the number of simple, mechanicle optical toys that used persistence of vision.

This here is a picture of what a thaumatrope.









Phenakistoscope
This type of device was planned in 1829 by joseph plateau. The device was invented in 1832. A contempory edition of britannica says 'that  the phenakistoscope or a magic disc was originally invented by DR Roget and was improved by M. plateau at Brussels and also Dr. Faraday.

The phenakistoscope was used with a spinning disc attached vertically to a handle. Arrayed around the disc's center was a series of drawings showing phases of the animation and they cut through, it was a series of equally spaced radial slits.

Here is a picture of a phenakistoscope.











Kinetoscope
What a kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device. This device was used for designed films to be viewed by one individual at a time through peephole viewer window at the top of the device. The kinetoscope was not used as a movie projector but it introduced the basics approached that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before the advent of video.




This is an image of a kinetoscope of what it would of look like in the 19th and 20th century.










Mutoscope
A mutoscope was an early motion picture device,invented by Winsor McCay and then later patented by Herman Casler on November 21, 1894.Thomas Edison's kinetoscope was not project on the screen, it was provided viewing to only one person at a time. The mutoscope worked on the same principle just like a flip book. The individual image frames were conventional black and white and silver based on photgraphic prints on tough, flexible opaque cards.


This image here is a mutoscope that flips through images just like a flip book.